In a major relief to passengers travelling by Indian railways, the government has decided to do away with the old urinals and replace them with bio toilets by 2020-21.
“While 17,338 existing toilets in trains have been replaced with bio-toilets till date, our aim is to equip the entire coaching fleet with bio-toilets,” a senior Railway Ministry official involved with the project said.
Under the government’s Swachh Rail – Swachh Bharat’ programme, the Railways has set the target to fit 17,000 bio-toilets in long-distance trains. It is also planning to fit the bio-toilets in new coaches by 2015-16 and the retrofitting of existing coaches will continue.
The new-age green toilets have been designed by Railways along with Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) keeping in mind the requirements of Indian trains.
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) sources said the Nirbhay missile test was "successful".(Representative image) VOA
The countdown for the flight Thursday night of an Indian rocket carrying the Microsat R imaging satellite of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Kalamsat student satellite will begin later on Wednesday, an Indian space agency official said.
“The countdown for the PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) rocket launch will start today (Wednesday).
“The countdown duration and its starting time, the time of rocket launch would be announced later,” an official of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) told IANS.
The rocket launch was expected to happen at about 11.40 p.m. on Thursday.
“We will be launching the 700-kg Microsat R and Kalamsat with a new PSLV variant.
Satellite To Conduct Biological Experiments In Space, Plans Space Kidz India, VOA
“To reduce weight and increase the mass, an aluminium tank is being used for the first time in the fourth stage,” ISRO Chairman K. Sivan had told IANS earlier.
He said Kalamsat is a payload developed by students and Chennai-based Space Kidz India.
The PSLV is a four-stage engine expendable rocket with alternating solid and liquid fuel.
In its normal configuration, the rocket would have six strap-on motors hugging the its first stage. However, the PSLV that would be flying on January 24 with Microsat R and Kalamsat will be a two strap-on motors configuration and is designated as PSLV-DL.
The rocket PSLV-C44 is the first mission of PSLV-DL and is a new variant.
Indian rocket Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) lifts off with two British satellites NovaSAR and S1-4, as seen from Chennai. IANS
About 14 minutes into the flight the rocket would eject Microsat R at an altitude of about 277km. This would start functioning at an altitude of 450km in about the 103th minute after lift-off.
The Kalamsat would be the first to use the rocket’s fourth stage as an orbital platform. The fourth stage would be moved to higher circular orbit so as to establish an orbital platform for carrying out experiments, ISRO had said.
“The Kalamsat is a 10cm cube nano-satellite weighing about 1.2kg. The satellite’s life span is about two months and its cost is about Rs 12 lakh,” Srimathy Kesan, Founder-CEO of Space Kidz India, told IANS.
Space Kidz India is working towards promoting art, science and culture for students in India.
According to Kesan, Kalamsat will be the first satellite of Space Kidz India to be in a proper orbit as its earlier satellites were suborbital ones. (IANS)
