Probability training: How trustworthy is a positive HIV test result? How probable is an actual infection when the test is positive? Even professionals often get such questions wrong, which can lead to misdiagnoses and unnecessary surgeries in practice. In a new study with medicine and law students, a team of mathematics education scholars from the Universities of Regensburg, Kassel, and Freiburg, Heidelberg University of Education, and LMU Munich has compared four different training courses designed to help students gain a better understanding of probabilities. The findings of the German Research Foundation project TrainBayes have now been published in the journal Learning and Instruction.
The focus was on so-called Bayesian situations. An example: Let’s say that at a certain point during the coronavirus pandemic, 0.1% of the population was infected with SARS-CoV-2. Then one person carries out a SARS-CoV-2 self-test. 96% of infected people receive a positive test result. However, 2% of non-infected people also get a positive test result. What does this mean? How likely is it that the person in question is actually infected if they get a positive test result?
“Many people – even experts in the respective domains – significantly overestimate this probability,” says LMU mathematics educationalist Karin Binder, one of the authors of the study. “The positive parameters of the tests cause people to trust the test result and overlook the small proportion of infected people.”
To illustrate this situation, we can imagine that 100,000 people have been tested: Only, say, 100 people are infected, of which 96 receive a positive result. Of the 99,900 healthy people, 2% – that is, 1,998 – also receive a positive result. Consequently, of the 2,094 people in total with positive test results, only 96 are actually infected – corresponding to almost 5%. As such, a positive test result is not yet, by itself, cause for alarm.
Nicole Steib from the University of Regensburg, lead author of the study, explains: “The translation of probabilities (2%) into concrete frequencies (1,998 out of 99,900), combined with representation of the information in a double tree, proved to be the most effective method of helping students solve similar tasks.” The probability trees generally used in schools, by contrast, only help students with particularly advanced prior mathematical knowledge. In a follow-on project, the new training approaches are to be integrated into lessons for teaching at school. AlphaGalileo/SP
<h1>Courses/Internships at NewsGram</h1>
<p> At <strong>NewsGram</strong> , we believe in the power of truthful Journalism and our Newsroom is always striving for a meaningful, engaging and fact based reporting.</p>
<p>You can become the part of NewsGram's dynamic newsroom with Certification Programs and Internships. Here are the details:</p>
<hr>
<h2>NewsGram Journalism Certification Program</h2>
<p><strong>Duration:</strong> 8 Weeks (Remote/Part-time)</p>
<p><strong>For:</strong> Journalism, Media, Communications, and Social Sciences Students and Professionals, with a strong interest in current affairs, politics, and culture.</p>
<h3>Program Highlights:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Fundamentals of Ethical Journalism</li>
<li>News Writing and Reporting</li>
<li>Rewriting Current News Stories (Rehashing)</li>
<li>Social Media Management for News</li>
<li>SEO and Content Management System (CMS) Training</li>
<li>Interviewing Experts and Sources</li>
<li>Fact-Checking and Ethical Reporting Practices</li>
</ul>
<h3>What You’ll Do:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Write News articles and rehash existing stories</li>
<li>Edit and publish news content on NewsGram’s platform</li>
<li>Manage social media posts to promote NewsGram’s content</li>
<li>Conduct interviews with experts or key figures</li>
<li>Learn to use CMS for publishing articles</li>
<li>Participate in editorial projects like <em>Long Read</em>, <em>Live Stories</em>, and <em>MediaSight</em></li>
</ul>
<h3>Benefits:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Author profile with lifetime access on NewsGram</li>
<li>Certificate of Completion</li>
<li>1:1 Mentorship with experienced Journalists</li>
<li>Weekend live sessions for training and feedback</li>
<li>Access to article performance analytics and SEO reports</li>
<li>Opportunity to transition into freelance or full-time roles with NewsGram</li>
</ul>
<!-- Subtab Syllabus Start -->
<style>
.tab-container {
margin-top: 20px;
}
.tab-button {
background-color: #af0000;
color: #fff;
border: none;
cursor: pointer;
padding: 12px 18px;
margin: 2px;
font-weight: 600;
font-size: 15px;
border-radius: 4px;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}
.tab-button:hover,
.tab-button.active {
background-color: #000000;
}
u8i
.tab-content {
display: none;
padding: 15px;
border: 1px solid #000000;
border-top: none;
background-color: #af0000;
font-size: 15px;
line-height: 1.6;
}
.tab-content h4 {
margin-top: 0;
color: #222;
}
.tab-content ul {
padding-left: 20px;
}
</style>
<h3>Curriculum Details:</h3>
<div class="tab-container">
<button class="tab-button" onclick="showTab('module1')">Module 1: Foundations</button>
<button class="tab-button" onclick="showTab('module2')">Module 2: Writing</button>
<button class="tab-button" onclick="showTab('module3')">Module 3: CMS</button>
<button class="tab-button" onclick="showTab('module4')">Module 4: SEO</button>
<button class="tab-button" onclick="showTab('module5')">Module 5: Digital Media</button>
<button class="tab-button" onclick="showTab('module6')">Module 6: Analytics</button>
<button class="tab-button" onclick="showTab('module7')">Module 7: AI Tools</button>
<div id="module1" class="tab-content">
<h4>Module 1: Foundations of Journalism</h4>
<ul>
<li>What is Journalism?</li>
<li>Types of Articles: News Reports, Syndicated Stories, Interviews, Investigative Stories, Coverings Beats and Opinions Pieces</li>
<li>Rewriting techniques and ethical considerations</li>
<li>Interviewing clinicians and experts</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="module2" class="tab-content">
<h4>Module 2: News Writing techniques and Content Structure </h4>
<ul>
<li>Writing tone, structure & language for general audiences</li>
<li>Paraphrasing, quoting, and avoiding plagiarism</li>
<li>Using images and referencing styles (Chicago, AP, etc.)</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="module3" class="tab-content">
<h4>Module 3: CMS and Publishing Process</h4>
<ul>
<li>Introduction to platforms like Quintype</li>
<li>Formatting, metadata, tagging, article scheduling</li>
<li>Handling media and embedded content</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="module4" class="tab-content">
<h4>Module 4: SEO Essentials for Medical Content</h4>
<ul>
<li>What is SEO? Importance in Digital News Content</li>
<li>On-page SEO: Titles, meta descriptions, slugs</li>
<li>Readability, mobile optimization, keyword strategy</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="module5" class="tab-content">
<h4>Module 5: Digital Media and Monetization Models</h4>
<ul>
<li>Digital-first vs traditional journalism</li>
<li>CMS platforms and editorial workflows</li>
<li>Introduction to paywalls and subscription models</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="module6" class="tab-content">
<h4>Module 6: Analytics, Google Tools & Authority Metrics</h4>
<ul>
<li>Google Analytics (GA4) & traffic data</li>
<li>Search Console for Indexing and Performance</li>
<li>Understanding DA, Page authority, and Site Trust</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="module7" class="tab-content">
<h4>Module 7: AI in Medical Journalism</h4>
<ul>
<li>Using AI tools for writing, grammar, and summarizing</li>
<li>Transcription & reader personalization with AI</li>
<li>Ethical use of AI the Newsroom</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<script>
function showTab(id) {
const tabs = document.querySelectorAll(".tab-content");
const buttons = document.querySelectorAll(".tab-button");
tabs.forEach(tab => tab.style.display = "none");
buttons.forEach(btn => btn.classList.remove("active"));
document.getElementById(id).style.display = "block";
event.target.classList.add("active");
}
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => {
document.querySelector(".tab-button").click();
});
</script>
<hr>
<h3>📬 How to Apply:</h3>
<p>Please send your resume to: <strong><a href="mailto:internship@newsgram.com">internship@newsgram.com</a></strong></p>
<!-- Internship Section End -->
<h3>👨🏫 Faculty & Mentorship Team</h3>
<style>
.faculty-scroll {
display: flex;
overflow-x: auto;
gap: 30px;
padding: 20px 0;
scrollbar-width: thin;
}
.faculty-card {
flex: 0 0 auto;
width: 280px;
background-color: #af0000;
border-radius: 20px;
box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
text-align: center;
padding: 20px;
transition: transform 0.3s;
}
.faculty-card:hover {
transform: translateY(-5px);
}
.faculty-card img {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
object-fit: cover;
border-radius: 50%;
margin-bottom: 15px;
border: 4px solid #000000;
}
.faculty-card a {
font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
font-size: 18px;
}
.faculty-card span {
font-size: 15px;
color: #fff;
display: block;
margin-top: 6px;
}
</style>
<div class="faculty-scroll" style="display: flex; overflow-x: auto; gap: 20px; padding: 10px;">
<div class="faculty-card" style="flex: 0 0 auto; text-align: center;">
<img src="https://drive.google.com/thumbnail?id=1oQqPFsNTwkCZoXuR0m_Zzy-S9ZJ9CLbQ" alt="Dr. Munish Kumar Raizada" style="width:150px; height:150px; border-radius:50%; object-fit:cover;">
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/munishraizada/" target="_blank">Dr. Munish Kumar Raizada, MD, FAAP</a>
<span style="display:block;">Editor-in-Chief, NewsGram INC</span>
</div>
<div class="faculty-card" style="flex: 0 0 auto; text-align: center;">
<img src="https://drive.google.com/thumbnail?id=15ffy8n4qO5gwk3hFosnTZJDfIHQK3f0Y" alt="Himani Negi" style="width:150px; height:150px; border-radius:50%; object-fit:cover;">
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/himani-negi-7a9537215/" target="_blank">Himani Negi, B Pharmacy</a>
<span style="display:block;">Contributing Editor, NewsGram</span>
</div>
<div class="faculty-card" style="flex: 0 0 auto; text-align: center;">
<img src="https://drive.google.com/thumbnail?id=1nBTK52CuSzxB5OKe07OUMpsbOcZ_yEpD" alt="M Subha Maheswari" style="width:150px; height:150px; border-radius:50%; object-fit:cover;">
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/subhamahes98/" target="_blank">M Subha Maheswari, MSc Biotechnology</a>
<span style="display:block;">Contributing Editor, NewsGram</span>
</div>
<div class="faculty-card" style="flex: 0 0 auto; text-align: center;">
<img src="https://drive.google.com/thumbnail?id=1x44NPVMA4ov4aS3DGWuVjISWyBtW6f2s" alt="Dr. Theresa Lily Thomas" style="width:150px; height:150px; border-radius:50%; object-fit:cover;">
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-theresa-lily-thomas-4613ab290/" target="_blank">Dr. Theresa Lily Thomas, BDS</a>
<span style="display:block;">Content Lead, NewsGram Desk</span>
</div>
<div class="faculty-card" style="flex: 0 0 auto; text-align: center;">
<img src="https://drive.google.com/thumbnail?id=1sg4DZzxfXcXer0zC-dbOnT2h6q-cUg9Y" alt="Ritik Singh, Bachelors in Journalism" style="width:150px; height:150px; border-radius:50%; object-fit:cover;">
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/-ritik-singh/" target="_blank">Ritik Singh, Bachelors in Journalism </a>
<span style="display:block;">Desk Editor</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>